Sun Conure: Complete Breeding, Care & Aviculture Guide

The Sun Conure (Aratinga solstitialis), with its vibrant plumage, is a jewel of aviculture. Originating from South America, this intelligent and affectionate parakeet is an exceptional life companion. This article is a practical guide for breeders and enthusiasts, focusing on the care and reproduction of this fascinating species.

Quick Facts About the Sun Conure

Sexual Dimorphism

This species does not exhibit visible sexual dimorphism. It is impossible to distinguish a male from a female by eye. DNA sexing or a veterinary examination is essential to form breeding pairs [1, 2, 3, 4].

Diet: From Natural Habitat to Aviary

Wild Diet

In the wild, the Sun Conure feeds on fruits, flowers, berries, seeds, and nuts [5, 6]. This varied diet is the basis of its health and vibrant colors.

Captive Diet

A balanced diet is crucial for these birds. It should include [7]:

• High-quality extruded pellets (60%) : A complete nutritional base.
• Fresh fruits and vegetables : Essential for vitamins and fiber [8, 9].
• Seeds (10% max) : To be limited to prevent obesity.
• Mineral supplements : For optimal intake.

Controlled feeding prevents liver diseases and deficiencies [10].

Housing & Aviary Setup

Space Requirements

The Sun Conure is an active bird requiring significant space. A spacious aviary is preferable to a cage, with secure outdoor access if possible [7].

Aviary Setup

Enrichment is essential for their well-being [7]. Provide:

• Chew toys (untreated wood).
• Foraging toys.
• Ropes and ladders for exercise.
• Varied perches for foot health.

Temperature

These birds adapt to domestic temperatures (18-27°C) but are sensitive to frost. Avoid temperatures below 0°C [8, 11].

Nestbox & Breeding Management

Preparation

Sexual maturity is reached around 2-4 years [12]. For breeding, a DNA-confirmed pair should be placed in an outdoor metal aviary with a sturdy nest box (30x30x30 cm, 8 cm entrance hole, lined with wire mesh) [8].

Breeding Cycle

The female lays 3 to 6 eggs, incubated for 23-27 days [7, 12]. Young fledge around 8 weeks and are weaned around 2-3 months [12]. Banding should be done around 10 days (6.5 mm diameter) [8].

Breeding Management

Breeders can keep birds in colonies outside the breeding season. Strict hygiene and veterinary follow-up are imperative [8, 10].

Aviculture & Conservation Notes

The Sun Conure is listed in CITES Appendix II [8]. Its trade is regulated. Captive breeding by responsible breeders helps conserve the species by maintaining healthy populations and reducing pressure on wild populations [7, 13].

Health, Parasite Control & Common Issues

Health Problems

Common problems include liver diseases (due to inactivity or poor diet), deficiencies, obesity, and feather plucking (stress, boredom) [7, 10].

Parasite Control

External parasites (ticks, lice) and internal parasites (giardiasis) are a threat, especially in outdoor aviaries [14]. Rigorous hygiene is the best prevention [10]. Signs of parasitism include excessive scratching, dull plumage, and nervousness [15].

Prevention

• Strict hygiene.
• Regular veterinary check-ups.
• Balanced diet.
• Enriched environment.

Breeder’s Tips & Checklist

Breeder’s Checklist

• Breeders : Healthy, unrelated, DNA-sexed.
• Aviary : Spacious, secure, with suitable nest box.
• Diet : Adapted for breeding (more protein and calcium).
• Hygiene : Daily.
• Monitoring : Constant observation of the pair and young.
• Banding and weaning : At recommended ages.
• Documentation : Keep accurate records.

Practical Tips

• Patience : Breeding can take time.
• Calm : Provide a peaceful environment.
• Noise : Be aware of the noise level of these birds.
• Socialization : Positive interaction is beneficial.